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ICM

ICM can be achieved by careful consideration of a number of different mechanisms, such as:

Pest and disease development models and threshold levels, (to determine the level at which intervention becomes necessary),

Use of ‘attractants’, (which delay the development of pest population growth curves),

Husbandry practices (time of year and type of cultivations),

Variety choice (thus, sensitivity to various pests and diseases)

Seed rate (including the use of mixed cultivars),

Crop density and

Ground cover development patterns.

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