There are any number of ways to improve environmental performance and reduce costs.

• Use less energy, produce less waste and you make more money.

• An innovative process or product may have a new market of its own.

Other Instruments

There are a lot of other incentives / disincentives

• Grants From the EU to local authorities there is encouragement to go green

• Tax incentives: the land-fill tax first, now climate change levy, what next?

• Fines: These generally run higher than H&S fines

• Damages: You will be responsible, over and above the fines.

• Compensation. There are a lot more civil claims nowadays.