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International
Convention for the Regulation of Whaling 1946
CITES, the Convention on International trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna
and Flora, 1975
Convention on the Control of transboundary Movements of hazardous Wastes and their
Disposal, Basle 1989
Barcelona
Convention for the Mediterranean.
Cartagena Convention
for the Wider Caribbean 1988
Law of the Sea
Convention 1982
London Dumping
Convention 1991 London Dumping Convention 1991
Paris Convention
for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North East Atlantic 1992.Oslo
Convention on Reduction and Dumping of Wastes in the North Sea
Attempts to address
issues on a regional holistic scale in the context of the environmental system
itself - North Sea
Paris Convention
for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North East Atlantic 1992.
Oslo Convention
on Reduction and Dumping of Wastes in the North Sea
Attempts to address
issues on a regional holistic scale in the context of the environmental system
itself - North Sea
Convention
for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (Vienna Convention) 1985.
-
Gave rise to the
Montreal Protocol 1987. Article 5 states that while accepting the general obligation
to reduce emissions of ozone depleting substances, those developing countries
who met designated criteria are allowed to delay their compliance with control
measures for ten years. Amended London 1990 and Copenhagen 1992.
Convention
on Biological Diversity, Rio 1992
Convention
on Climate Change, Rio 1992
Helsinki Convention
on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area 1992. (Seawater)
Helsinki
Convention on the Protection and Use of transboundary Watercourses and Lakes 1992
(Freshwater)
Maastricht
treaty on European Union 1992.
- Under European
Community law the responsibility for enforcement of community environmental obligations
has been taken away from inter state and placed on European Court of Justice.
This treaty introduces financial penalties for member states who do not comply
with community law - of which environment law is seen as the most significant.
This is despite "subsidiarity".
Convention
Combating Desertification 1994
- This
seeks to reduce the spread of degraded soils throughout the world.
Convention
on Prior Informed Consent (PIC) Rotterdam 1998
- Provisions whereby
any importing country should be told whether the substance has been banned, withdrawn
or severely restricted in their country of origin, and then give express consent
be given before shipment. The UN produces "The Consolidated List of Products whose
consumption or sale have been Banned, Restricted or Withdrawn by governments".
To find out more
about any convention - whether global or regional go to Environmental
treaties and Resource Indicators hosted at Columbia University. You can find
out from this web site who has signed up to what. You can also put in key words
and find all the conventions that involve those words.
The UN does not
have a treaty on Forest Principles
Examples of Declarations/Guidelines:
Principles of Shared
Natural Resources 1978
Guidelines on the
Protection of Marine Environment against Land-based Pollution, Montreal 1985
Goals and Principles
on Environmental Impact Assessment, Nairobi 1987.
Hague Declaration
on the Protection of the North Sea 1990 (and its predecessors of bremen 1984 and
London 1987)
IMO (Int. Maritime
Organisation): Guidelines for the Designation of Special Areas and the Identification
of Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas. 1991
ILO (International Labour Organisation) issues recommended threshold levels of
substances in workplace atmospheres.
Food Agriculture
Organisation: International Code of Conduct on the Use and Distribution of Pesticides.
UNEP has produced: The London Guidelines for the Exchange of Information and Chemicals
in international trade ("London Guidelines").
WHO produces a
quarterly "Drug Information" bulletin
FAO/WHO Codex Organisation
increasingly has control over standards relating to food and pesticides. The new
World trade Organisation as part of GATT will use these standards.
View complete list
of United Nations Conventions at http://www.unep.org/unep/conv.htm
Check out the Web Directory of International Instruments and Players at
http://www.greenyearbook.org/
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